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With this inclusion of written literature, Malay literature took on a more sophisticated form. Moreover, there were also individuals of the community who used Jawi for the writing of literature which previously existed and spread orally. With the increased intensity in the appreciation of Islam, scriptures originally written in Arabic were translated in Malay and written in the Jawi script.Īdditionally local religious scholars later began to elucidate the Islamic teachings in the forms of original writings. The Jawi script was embraced by the entire Muslim community regardless of class. The development of Jawi script was different from that of Pallava writing which was exclusively restricted to the nobility and monks in monasteries. This has attested the strong observance of the Muslim faith in the early 14th century Terengganu specifically and the Malay world as a whole. The inscription on the stone contains a proclamation issued by the "Sri Paduka Tuan" of Terengganu, urging his subjects to "extend and uphold" Islam and providing 10 basic Sharia laws for their guidance.
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The oldest remains of Malay using the Jawi script have been found on the Terengganu Inscription Stonedated AH CEnearly years after the date of the first recorded existence of Arabic script in the region. Many Arabic characters are never used as they are not pronounced in Malay languageand some letters are never joined and some joined obligatorily so. It is not too far-fetched to say that the Arabic script was accepted by the Malay community together with their acceptance of Islam and they didn't take long to modify the script and adapt it to suit the spoken Classical Malay - it is written from right to left and has 6 sounds not found in Arabic: ca pa ga nga va and nya. At the early stage of Islamisation, the Arabic script was taught to the people who had newly embraced Islam in the form of religious practices, such as the recitation of Quran as well as salat.
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The spread of Islam in Southeast Asia and the subsequent introduction of Arabic writing system began with the arrival of Muslim merchants in the region since the seventh century. This is evidenced from the discovery of several stone inscriptions in Old Malaynotably the Kedukan Bukit inscription and Talang Tuo inscription. JAWI anjur pelbagai program dalam talian sempena Hari Wilayah Persekutuan Prior to the onset of Islamisationthe Pallava scriptNagari, and old Sumatran scripts were used in writing the Malay language. The word Tulisan Jawi that means "Jawi script" is another derivative that carries the meaning 'Malay script'. This was followed by another reform by Za'aba published in The final major reform was in under the name 'Enhanced Guidelines of Jawi Spelling' which made Za'aba Spelling as its basis. Until the early 20th century, there were no uniform spelling system for Jawi. Jawi is also used as an alternative script among Malay communities in Indonesia and Thailand. In some states, most notably KelantanTerengganu and PahangJawi attained the co-official script status, where businesses are mandated to adopt Jawi signages and billboards. Today, Jawi is one of the two official scripts in Brunei. With the arrival of Western influence through colonization and education, Jawi was relegated to scripts for religious education, with the Malay language eventually adopting the Latin alphabet called Rumi in general usage. The use of Jawi heralded the birth of traditional Malay literature, when it was featured prominently in the royal correspondences, religious texts and literary publications. Until 20th century, Jawi remained as the standard script of the Malay language. The ensuing trade expansions and the spread of Islam to other areas of Southeast Asia from the 15th century, had brought Jawi alphabet beyond the traditional Malay-speaking world. O Windstedt suggest that it was developed through the influence of Perso-Arabic alphabet. Popular theory suggests that the system was developed and derived directly from the Arabic scriptwhile scholars like R. There are two competing theories on the origin of Jawi alphabet. The oldest evidence of Jawi writing can be found on the 14th century Terengganu Inscription Stonerecorded in Classical Malay language that contains a mixture of Malay, Sanskrit and Arabic vocabularies. Jawi was developed from the advent of Islam in the Malay worldsupplanting the earlier Brahmic scripts used during Hindu-Buddhist era.